湖北省高等院校干道绿化和广场绿化建设的探讨

科学进行干道和广场的绿化规划与树种选择 ,对全面提升校园景观质量具有重要的意义。结合当前湖北地区部分高校干道绿化和校园广场绿化建设中存在的一些问题 ,介绍了干道和广场的绿化规划和树种选择原则 ,并详细探讨了适合湖北地区高校种植的干道绿化树种和广场绿化植物。     

火炬松材性变异规律的初步研究

对生长于广西南宁地区相同环境下来自美国的１８个种源１０年生火炬松的材性进行了研究。包括：材笥的种源变异。材性的地理变异模式及其与原产地气候因子的相互关系，材性因子间及其与生长因子、形态因子的相关分析。     

鹅掌楸种源材性遗传变异与选择

在鹅掌楸两个种及其杂种多地点７年生种源试验林中,随机抽取３块试验林共２８２株样本,分别遗行木材基本密度（ＢＤ）和纤维长度（ＦＬ）的测定分析,在分布型拟合与精度分析的基础上,进行一般线性方差模型分析,结果为：中国鹅掌楸种源间ＢＤ和ＦＬ均差异显著（a=0.05),５个北美鹅掌楸种源间ＢＤ和ＦＬ未达到显著差异,地点间差异及种源与地点的交互作用不显著,平均值Ｔ检测表明中国掌楸与北美鹅掌楸两种间ＢＤ和ＦＬ均不存在显著差异,鹅掌楸的ＢＤ总均值为0.397g/cm^3,ＦＬ总均值达１.603mm,属于中小密度,长纤维或近长纤维树种,差异分析揭示了种内差异是掌释属的主要变异来源,种内种源间存在选择的遗传基础,性状遗传相关分析认为,鹅掌楸ＢＤ和ＦＬ之间相互不密切（r=0.157),两本材料状与各生长因子间相关亦不密切,说明他们之间基因连锁不紧密,可独立选择。BD种源广义遗传力为H^2BD=0.65,受遗传控制较强,ＦＬ为Ｈ^FL=0.29,受遗传控制中偏弱,两性状年－年间遗传相关密切,在上述分析结果的基础上方３种标准进行了鹅掌楸属材料种源选择,其中,在“强度选择”条件下,选出ＢＤ优良的种源为庐山和桑植,ＦＬ优良的种源为浏阳和赣武夷,均为中国掌楸种源,北美种源虽然与中国种源在总体上不存在明显差异,但多数处于中等水平上,对照杂种夫性系ＢＤ和ＦＬ的均超过鹅掌楸性状总均值,但未超过最好的种源。     

矮牵牛茎段植株再生体系的建立

将矮牵牛Petunia hybrida Vilm的茎段接种在MS附加不同激素的培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导.结果表明:在MS BA1.0 mol.L-1 NAA1.0 mol.L-1的培养基上可以形成愈伤组织,而且经过继代培养仍可形成愈伤组织;茎段或愈伤组织接种在MS BA1.0 mol.L-1 NAA0.1 mol.L-1的培养基上可以形成不定芽,且诱导率达100%;健壮的高1.5~2.0 cm的不定芽接种在1/2MS IBA0.5 mol.L-1 AC1.0 g.L-1的培养基上,其生长根状况良好,生根率达100%.     

单株立木材积测定方法的研究

单株立木材积的测定对林业生产和科学研究工作有着重要的作用,主要的测定方法是通过胸径、树高、上部直径或上部直径的高度来计算干形指数,然后计算单株立木材积。而不同的方法所用上部直径不同。本文用5个树种的解析木,分别对较常见的5种测定方法的测定精度进行了研究。得出的结论为:3/4形点法、0 5形点法、胸高形率法精度较高,绝对形率法、望高法精度较低。建议对干形饱满的树种采用3/4形点法、0 5形点法;对干形尖削的树种采用0 5形点法、胸高形率法。     

五台山华北落叶松人工林生物生产力与营养元素的积累*

在太行五台山地区，调查华北落叶松人工林林分１６块标准地，并测定了单株平均木各器官生物量及营养元素含量，拟合了华北落叶松林木各器官生物量随年龄变化的ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃｓ生长方程。试验表明：华北落叶松立木及林分生物量年平均生长随年龄呈抛物线变化，２４年生时达到高峰，而叶片对干材的净光合同化率１８年生时即达顶峰，约为４００ｇ／ｍ２。１５年生林木各器官主要营养元素总积累量，从大到小顺序为Ｎ、Ｃａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ，林分每公顷可积累以上五种营养元素的总量是８８８．９１ｋｇ。Ｎ为４０６．８６ｋｇ，其中叶片中Ｎ积累２１４．５６ｋｇ，占总Ｎ积累的５２．７４％；干中Ｎ积累５４．３５ｋｇ，占总Ｎ积累的１３．３６％。１５年生华北落叶松林分，生产１吨干物质即固定Ｎ３．５ｋｇ；而生产１ｍ２木材需固定Ｎ４．６ｋｇ；伐倒１ｍ３木材所消耗的Ｎ仅为０．６１１ｋｇ，占１ｍ３木材需固Ｎ总量的１３．３６％。     

玉米淀粉为原料制备API胶主剂的研究

将玉米淀粉复合,改性制得玉米淀粉悬浮液,加入水溶性高分子作为稳定剂,在一定条件下与天然玉米淀粉、碳酸钙、VAE乳液相混合,搅拌均匀,形成以玉米淀粉为原料的API胶黏剂主剂.用该胶黏剂压制的杨木、桦木胶合板,其湿强度可满足国际Ⅱ类胶合板的要求.     

Root architecture of sorghum genotypes differing in root angles under different water regimes

Plant root architecture offers the potential for increasing soil water accessibility, particularly under water-limited conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the root architecture in two genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) differing in root angles and to assess the influence of different deficit irrigation regimes on root architecture. The response of two sorghum genotypes, ‘Early Hegari-Sart’ (EH; steep root angle) and ‘Bk7’ (shallow root angle) to four irrigation treatments was investigated in two replicated outdoor studies using large pots. The results indicated that EH possessed steeper brace and crown root angles, fewer brace roots, greater root biomass, and root length density than Bk7 at deeper soil depths (i.e., 15–30 and 30–45 cm) compared with a shallower depth (i.e., 0–15 cm). Across the soil profile, EH had greater root length density and length of roots of small diameter (<1 mm) than Bk7. Accordingly, EH showed more rapid soil-water capture than Bk7. Different levels of irrigation input greatly affected root architecture. Severe deficit irrigation (25% of full crop transpiration throughout the season) increased the angle and number of crown roots, root biomass, and root length density compared with 75 and 100% of full crop transpiration treatments. Consequently, root system architecture can be effectively manipulated through both genotypic selection and irrigation management to ensure optimal performance under different levels of soil available water.     

微波杀青对茶在制品物理特性影响的初探

以一芽一叶的福鼎大白茶鲜叶为原料,设定6个微波杀青的时间梯度(0、30、60、90、120、150 s),按时间点取样,测定在制品的含水率、容重、色差Lab值、长度、宽度等,研究微波杀青时间对茶在制品物理特性的影响。结果表明,随着微波杀青的进行,在制品的含水率在前90 s匀速缓慢下降,而后急速下降,容重在微波30 s后显著下降;茶在制品的平均相对长度差、相对宽度差和面积差呈现先降后升的趋势,在微波60~90 s时相对最小;在制品色差L值、|a|值、b值随着微波杀青的进行,呈先升后降的趋势,微波前90 s均较鲜叶有显著提升,而后显著下降。相关性分析表明,微波杀青时间和含水率均对L值、|a|值、b值、相对长度差等呈显著影响,总体上看以微波杀青60~90 s最有利于获得较优的外形属性。     

Parallelism in thermal growth response in otoliths and scales of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from alpine lakes independent of genetic background

Low density in natural populations of salmonids has predominantly been managed by stocking of non‐native conspecifics. Due partly to domestication, introduced non‐native fish may be maladapted under natural conditions. Interbreeding between introduced and wild individuals may therefore impair local adaptation and potentially population viability. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from three headwaters (with stocked fish) and three interconnected lakes (with native fish) on the Hardangervidda mountain plateau, southern Norway, were tested for differences in thermal effects on scale and otolith growth. Otolith and scale annuli widths from immature brown trout showed positive correlation with mean annual summer temperature for all six sampled populations. In mature individuals, a similar positive thermal correlation was evident for the otoliths only. Interannuli width measurements from scales indicate a halt in somatic growth for brown trout in this alpine environment when reaching ages between 7 and 9 winters, coinciding with age at maturity. Our study indicates that otolith growth follows summer temperature even when individuals do not respond with somatic growth in these populations and that introduced brown trout and introgressed populations have similar thermal growth responses. Due to the continued otolith growth after stagnation in somatic growth and the impact of fluctuations in summer temperature, the utilisation of otolith annuli widths for back calculation of length at age should be treated with caution.